CHIKUNGUNYA
Chikungunya is an infection
caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Symptoms include fever and joint pain.
These typically occur two to twelve days after exposure. Other symptoms may
include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and a rash. Most people are
better within a week; however, occasionally the joint pain may last for months.
The risk of death is around 1 in 1,000 The very young, old, and those with
other health problems are at risk of more severe disease. The virus is spread
between people by two types of mosquitos: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti.
They mainly bite during the day. The virus may circulate within a number of
animals including birds and rodents. Diagnosis is by either testing the blood
for the virus's RNA or antibodies to the virus. The symptoms can be mistaken
for those of dengue fever and Zika fever. After a single infection it is
believed most people become immune. The best means of prevention is overall mosquito
control and the avoidance of bites in areas where the disease is common. This
may be partly achieved by decreasing mosquitoes' access to water and with the
use of insect repellent and mosquito nets. There is no vaccine and no specific
treatment as of 2016. Recommendations include rest, fluids, and medications to
help with fever and joint pain. While the disease typically occurs in Africa
and Asia, outbreaks have been reported in Europe and the Americas since the
2000s. In 2014 more than a million suspected cases occurred. In 2014 it was
occurring in Florida in the continental United States but as of 2016 there was
no further locally acquired cases. The disease was first identified in 1952 in
Tanzania. The term is from the Kimakonde language and means "to become
contorted.
ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is a transitional
stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during
the period from puberty to legal adulthood. This is a vital part of life. This
is also a very critical period of life. In adolescent girls and boys both are
floating in a colorful and fantasy world. So everything seems colorful to them.
That’s why they may go astray. Adolescence is a time of risks. Unlimited
freedom brings disasters for them. They rush to the path of destruction without
knowing the consequence. Adolescent is a young person who is developing from a
child to an adult. Adolescents are vulnerable to various diseases. They may be
addicted to alcohol, cigarettes and other drugs which may cause them deadly
diseases. They are also in danger of sexual relationship which will lead them
to intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually
transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus popularly known
as HIV. Many of them also face a wide range of adjustment and mental health
problems. That is why, it is necessary to be very careful about the diseases
that can be life threatening. It is essential to teach them that addiction to
alcohol, cigarettes and other drugs may destroy their life. Moreover, they
should be given religious teaching besides general education about physical
relationships.
DIASPORA
The term ‘diaspora’ denotes the
movement of people from their ancestral homeland to live and work in other
country. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is
reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number
of events of it. In the history of mankind, Jews people were the first mover.
Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. In
Egypt he was a mover also. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt
and settled themselves in Palestine. In Palestine the Jews were the exoduses.
Later many of them were forced to leave Palestine during Islamic era. These
Jews people shifted themselves in Europe and then America. Recently scholars
have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such
as imperialism, trade or labor migrations or by the kind of social coherence.
The Aryans also left their central Europe thousands of years ago and settled in
Indian continent. Globalization has facilitated people to people connection. The twentieth century saw huge
population movements. Some involved large-scale transfers of people by
government action. Some migrations occurred to avoid conflict and warfare.
Other diasporas were created as a consequence of political decisions, such as
the end of colonialism. Diaspora, in one country helps to bridge
gaps between nations, hence it strengthens globalization. So, globalization has
great influence on diaspora.
Brain Drain/ Trafficking
Education
Brain Drain refers to the
immigration of scientists, engineers, doctors and other technically
qualified persons usually from an underdeveloped and undeveloped country to a
more advanced or developed country. Every year thousands of skilled
professionals and Indians trained abroad make frantic efforts to leave India
and stay abroad. There are some sad facts behind the great brain drain in
India. One of the main reasons is the widespread unemployment and
underemployment in our country. The excess of skilled professionals in
India has bred an army of educated unemployed. Rather than return home to
unemployment, skilled Indians prefer to stay back in the West, where
professionals command at better market value. The lack of research facilities
in India is also one of the causes for Brain Drain from India. Scientists and
other research professionals need sophisticated equipment to carry on their
research related works. The better job conditions and higher standard of living
in those countries lure these qualified professionals to decide to stay on
there. It is high time that the people in power should think of a solution for
this problem. Otherwise, we may lose more youngsters to brain drain and face
this massive national loss.
