Right Form of Verbs.

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Right Form of Verbs.

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Right Form of Verbs (Basic)

wb¤œwjwLZ Rules mg~n †KejgvÎ Active Voice Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|

 

ü Rule-1

‡Kvb Sentence  G hw` wb¤œwjwLZ k㸇jv _v‡K Zvn‡j memgq V₁ gv‡b Verb Gi present Indefinite Tense  n‡e|  

always

regularly

generally

usually

normally                                                                                 

naturally                        + V₁

every day                                

every …… 

daily

often

·        Tamal and Amina often come to the Town Hall Language Club.

·        Sazid always goes to school.

·        He goes to school regularly.

·        Every mother loves her child.
One of the students is/was very brilliant.

Try yourself:
(d) Many a boy (ruin)—his career through laziness.
(e) Neither of the two boys (be)—present today.

Rule -2

Sentence G Modal Auxiliary Verb _vK‡j  Zvic‡ii  Main Verb wU present form  nq |

can

could

may

might

shall                            + V₁

should                      

will

would

·        He can (does) the work.

·        He can do the work.

·        It should (rains) tomorrow.

·        It should rain tomorrow.

·        Henry must (studies) tonight.

·        Henry must study tonight

·        The boy can work out the sum.
He could not eat all the mangoes.
You must do your duty properly.
Try yourself:
It may (rain)—today.
One should (take)—care of one’s health.

ü Rule -3  

‡h mKj  Primary Auxiliary verb Gi ci main verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq |

am

is

are

was

were

have been                V₁+ing

has been

had been

will be

will have been

Example:

Rakib is reading a poem.

He is playing with his friends.

My father was working with an NGO.

They were moving slowly.

ü Rule-4

mKj cÖKvi ago AZxZ Kvj| †hgbÑ

Ago

Long ago

Long ago and far away                             +V₂

Many days ago

mKj cÖKvi last AZxZ Kvj| †hgbÑ

Last

Last night

Last time

Last week                                                     +V₂

Last month

Last year

mKj cÖKvi Once  AZxZ Kvj| †hgbÑ

Once

Once upon a time                                      +V₂

GQvov GB Word Ges Phrase ¸‡jvI AZxZ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

In 1899

In the past

Before

Yesterday                                                     +V₂

One day

In those days

·        Once upon a time there (live) a king called Oedipus.

·        Once upon a time there lived a king called Oedipus.

·        I (receive) your letter yesterday.

·        I received your letter yesterday.

·        We (get) independence from Pakistan in 1971.

ü Rule-5 

hw` †Kvb  sentence G `ywU Verb cvkvcvwk _v‡K Zvn‡j 2q Verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq A_ev Verb wUi c~‡e© to emv‡Z nq | ‡hgb:

·        He loves (listen) to music of old time.

·        He loves listening to music of old time.

·        He loves (listen) to music of old time.

·        He loves to listen to music of old time.

ü Rule-6

  ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ Wish _vK‡j Zvi ciewZ© Subject Gi ci  (to be)  Gi RvqMvq were e‡m|   

·        I wish I (to be) a bird.

·        I wish I were a bird.

·        I wish I (to be) a milliner.

·        I wish I were a milliner.

ü Rule-7

 Tomorrow, next morning, coming year, Day after tomorrow ( AvMvgx ciï) Ges fwel¨r Kv‡ji †Kvb Bw½Z †c‡j evK¨wU Future Indefinite Tense হয়।

·        I (go) to school tomorrow.

·        I will go to school tomorrow.

·        We (visit) the Zoo next week.

·        We will visit the Zoo next week.

ü Rule 8

 Subject hw`3^rd person Singular number nq Zvn‡j verb Gi mv‡_ s ev es †hvM Ki‡Z nq|

·        He (love) listening to music of old time.

·        He loves listening to music of old time.

·        Saikat (read) in class 5

·        Saikat reads in class 5.

·        The boy goes to school regularly.

·        The boy does not go to school daily.

·        The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.

Try yourself:
Mr. Khan (go)—abroad every month.
His father (come)—home every week.

ü Rule 9

mKj  Prepositions  Gi ci Verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM nq Zvn‡jvÑ\

·        My mother is fond of cooking.

·        He is the great master of painting.

ü Rule 10

mvavibZ to Gi ci Verb Gi base nq .

He wants to go to school.

He wanted to go to school.

She went to New Market to (buy)—a dress.
She went to New Market to buy a dress.
We have come here to (see)—his ailing mother.
We have come here to see his ailing mother.
The man said to the porter to (carry)—the load.
Ans. The man said to the porter to carry the load.

Try yourself:
You need to (go)—there.
We have to (realize)—the importance of English.

ü Rule 11

mvavibZ †hmKj to Gi ci Verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq Zv njÑ

due to,                  admit to,    prefer to,    look forward to,   with a view to, 

accustom to,         addict to,    be+used to,

I did it with a view to correcting him.

ü Rule-12

Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বুঝায় তাহলে sentence টি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

The earth (move)—round the sun.
The earth moves round the sun.
The sun (rise)—the east.
The sun rises in the east.
The sun (set)—the west.
The sun sets in the west.

Try yourself:
We know that ice (float)—water.
The teacher said that the earth (be)—round.

ü Rule-13

Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইত্যাদির পরে Verb-এর present form হয় । যেমন:

I let the other boys (use) my skates.
I let the other boys use my skates.
I had better (go) __ home by this time.
I had better go home by this time.
I need not (do) __the work.
I need not do the work.

Try yourself:
He did not (go) ……. to college yesterday.
He does not (like) …… student-politics.

ü Rule-14

Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentence টি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন:

She has (write)_a letter to her mother.
Ans. She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have)__my meal.
Ans. I have had my meal.
She had (have)__her letter.
Ans. She had had her letter.

Try yourself:
Have you ever (be)__ to the zoo?
Colombus has (discover)__America.

ü Rule-15

Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা present perfect Tense হয়।

Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now.
Ans. Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
I (see)—him recently.
I have seen him recently.
He already (reach)—home.
He has already reached home.

Try yourself:
Have you ever (be)—to the zoo?
Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?

ü  Rule-16

Since বা for এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাাকলে sentene টি present perfect Continuous Tense হবে। যেমন:

It (rain)—for two hours.
It has been raining for two hours.
It (rain)—since the morning.
It has been raining since the morning.
We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986.
We have been living in Dhaka since 1986.

Try yourself:
They (live)—Dhaka for 20 years.
She (wait)—you for two hours.

ü Rule-17

If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]

If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
If he works hard, he will shine in life.
If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.

Try yourself:
I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.

ü Rule-18

Mind, would you mind, worth, past, cannot help, could not help – এর পরে Verb এর সহিত ing যোগ হয়। যেমন:

Would you mind (give)—me a pen?
Would you mind giving me a pen?
I can not help (do)—the work.
I can not help doing the work.
He could not help (help)—the poor.
He could not help helping the poor.

Try yourself:
She never mind (have)—ice cream.
He could not help (sell)—his land.

ü Rule-19

Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পরে could বসে এবং Verb এর Present form হয়।

(a) Would that I (go)—to the moon.
Ans. Would that I could go to the moon.
(b) Would that I (be)—a poet like Nazrul.
Ans. Would that I could be a poet like Nazrul.
(c) Would that I (enter)—into the class-room.
Ans. Would that I could enter into the class-room.

Try yourself:
(d) Would that I (buy)—a latest car.
(e) Would that I (see)—our great Prophet (SM).

ü Rule-20

Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/being/got থাকলে মূল Verb এর Past participle হয়।

The thief ran away having (see)—the policeman.
The thief ran away having seen the policeman.
The Principal desired the notice to be (hang)—.
The Principal desired the notice to be hung.
The work is to be (do)—immediately.
The work is to be done immediately.

Try yourself:
I got the letter (write)—by him.
Having (do)—his duty he went out.

ü Rule-21

বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বুঝলে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।

Now the students (sing)—the national anthem.
Now the students are singing the national anthem.
The boys (watch)—the television now.
The boys are watching the television now.
They (enjoy)—a song now.
They are enjoying a song now.

Try yourself:
They (watch)—TV at this moment.
The farmer (cultivate)—his land now.

ü Rule-22

If যুক্ত cause টি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clause টি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অর্থাৎ [If +Present Indefinite+Future Indefinite]

If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
If you walk slowly, you will miss the train.
If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
If he works hard, he will shine in life.
If you run in the rain, you (catch)—cold.
If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.

Try yourself:
I will not go out, if it (rain)—.
If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.

ü Rule-23

lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পরে would/could/might বসে এবং Verb -এর Present Form বসে। যেমন:

If he requested me, I (go)— there.
If he requested me, I would go there.
If I were a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
If I were the President, I (remove)—the terrorism.
If I were the President, I would remove the terrorism.

Try yourself:
Had I much money, I (establish)—a college.
Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly)—like a bird.

ü Rule-24

Sentence-এ lf/Had যুক্ত clause টি Past perfect Tense হলে অপর অংশটিতে Subject-এর পরে অর্থভেদে would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb-এর past participle হয়।

If he had invited, I (go)—.
If he had invited, I would have gone.
If I had been a rich man, I (help)—the poor.
If I had been a rich man, I would have helped the poor.
I would have helped him, if he (want)—.
I would have helped him, if he had wanted.

Try yourself:
We would have come, if he (invite)—.
If you had stated earlier, you (catch)—the bus.

ü Rule-25

Sentence-এ wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে Verb এর Past Tense হয় এবং (be) থাকলেই were হয়। যেমন:

I wish I (win)—the first prize in the lottery.
I wish I won the first prize in the lottery.
I fancy I (fly)—among the stars.
I fancy I flew among the stars.
It is time you (change)—your bad habit.
It is time you changed your bad habit.

Try yourself:
I wish I (be)—a rich man.
It is time we (earn)—our livelihood.

ü Rule-26

Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এর স্থলে were বসে। যেমন:

He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm.
He speaks as if he were the owner of the farm.
The man speaks as though he (be)—a leader.
The man speaks as though he were a leader.
The man speaks as if he (be)—a landlord.
The man speaks as if he were a landlord.

Try yourself:
The man speaks as though he (be)—a rich man.
He speaks as if he (be)—the President of Bangladesh.

ü Rule-27

While-এর ঠিক পরই ব্রাকেটের মধ্যে যে Verb থাকে তার সঙ্গে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু While-এর পরে Subject থাকলে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।

While (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
While walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
While he (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
While he was walking in the garden, a snake bit him.
While it (rain)—, I was going to college.
While it was raining, I was going to college.

Try yourself:
(d) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
(e) My uncle arrived while she (cook)—the dinner.

ü Rule-28

একই দৈর্ঘ্য. পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।

Fifty miles (be)—a long way.
Fifty miles was a long way.
Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a days.
Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
Sixty cents (be)—was enough for him.
Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.

Try yourself:
Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in line.
Fifty cents (be)—enough at that time.

ü Rule-29

Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে Subject-পরে would/should বসে এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।

(a) He said that he (go)…….. home the next day.
Ans. He said that he would go home the next day.
(b) He told that he (come) ……..here the next year.
Ans. He told that he would come here the next year.
(c) He said that he (buy)…… a new TV the next day.
Ans. He said that he would buy a new TV the next day.

Try yourself:
(d) She said that she (sell) ……. her land the next month.
(e) The man said that he (go) …….. to London the next day.

ü Rule-30

After এর পরে এবং before এর পূর্বের clause টি past perfect tense হয় এবং অন্য clauseটি past indefinite tense হয়।

The doctor (come)__before the patient came.
The doctor had come before the patient came.
The doctor came after the patient (die)__.
The doctor came after the patient had died.
The train left …… they had reached the station.
The train left after they had reached the station.

Try yourself:
The patient had died …… the doctor came.
The train (start) ….. before they reached there.

ü Rule-31

কিছু ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া Principal Clause-এর Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে Subordinate Clause-এর Verb-ও Past Tense-এ হবে এবং একটি Present হলে অপরটি Present হবে।

The man was so ill that he (will) ……….. not be able to attend the meeting.
The man was so ill that he would not be able to attend the meeting.
I knew that he (will not come) …………. to me for his personal purpose.
I knew that he would not come to me for his personal purpose.

	wb¤œwjwLZ Rule †KejgvÎ Passive Voice Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|

 

ü Rule-32

Sentence টি Passive voice হলে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাতে হবে এবং gap-এর পরে Subject থাকলে by বসাতে হবে।

English is spoken all over the world.
English is spoken by the English.
He has been expelled from the examination hall.

Try yourself:
The boys (send)__ to school yesterday.
The bird (kill)__on the ship last week.